Describe background information on how that problem developed or came into existence.  Show why this is a societal

Refugee Crisis Rough Draft

Chanda Crews

GEN 499 General Education Capstone

Instructor: Heather Haffner

August 27, 2018

Introduction

Refugee crisis refers to the movements of big groups of either evicted people who are displaced internally, other migrants or refugees (Porta, 2018). The displacement is because of war in their country, a problem while on the way or issues in the hosting country. Much information is available on the topic, which allows researchers to get facts about the issue so that the issue can be handled. Research on the issue enables the different countries to make policy comparisons and come up with the best policies important in dealing with the rapidly growing issue. The refugee crisis is a global issue that affects the refugees and host countries, and needs research to get facts that will allow local agencies and governments to formulate good policy and make certain decisions to relieve the strains brought by this issue (Gibney & Loescher, 2010).

Background

The refugee issue began in the 600 AD in Kent. King Ethelberht introduced the issue when he set a law giving a displaced person the right to request asylum from churches and other holy places (Bradley, 2013). The law was introductory, and various similar laws in the middle ages followed it across Europe. Later in the 19th century, borders between countries were introduced and the issue of people migrating in search for better conditions began. The term became famous through the 1951 convention where refugees were classified as a big issue; the United Nations defined refugees and declaring the issue as a global problem (Bradley, 2013). Various wars led to more migrations, which elevated employee crisis, which affects all continents.

Solutions to the Global Issue

The refugee crisis issue can be solved in some ways. Issuing employment and medical visas is an important step in solving the issue. By providing employees with medical visas, the hosting government can control chronic diseases and reduce the outbreak of diseases in the refugee camps (Segal & Elliott, 2012). It helps reduce medical bills for catering for refugees and reduces the spread of diseases to the citizens of the host nation. Employment visas allow the professionals among refugees to secure employment and assist their members in taking care of some needs. Employment reduces the burden on governments and relieves the refugees some mental and psychological issues.

Allowing the refugees to study and provision of technology is also a major solution to this issue. The refugees should get visas to allow them to continue with their studies or start schooling. It can improve their standards by completing school, contributing to the society, integrating and making a living. Statistics from the UNHCR show that approximately 1% of all refugees get a chance to attend university and get professional training (Betts & Collier, 2017). Increasing the number will improve the standard of life of the refugees. Provision of technology is essential in dealing with psychological issues in refugees. Most refugees use smartphones to get information about others in similar situations with them, which can assist them by providing them inspiration messages from other refugees.

Conclusion

The refugee crisis is an issue that has a global effect and needs reduction or a solution to reduce the strains it causes. Research on the issue is important to help the local agencies and governments come up with good policies. The issue can be solved through the provision of employment and medical visas by the hosting countries to the refugees. Education visas and provision of technology to refugees is an essential step in improving their standards and helping them handle psychological issues.

References

Betts, A., & Collier, P. (2017). Refuge rethinking refugee policy in a changing world. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bradley, M. (2013). Refugee repatriation: justice, responsibility, and redress. Cambridge: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

Gibney, M., & Loescher, G. (2010). Global refugee crisis: a reference handbook. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.

Porta, D. d. (2018). Solidarity Mobilizations in the ‘Refugee Crisis’: Contentious Moves. New York: Springer International Publishing.

Segal, U. A., & Elliott, D. (2012). Refugees worldwide. 2, Refugee health. Santa Barbara: Praeger.

Global Climate Change Annotated Bibliography

Chanda Crews

GEN 499 General Education Capstone

Instructor: Heather Haffner

August 26, 2018

Global Climate Change Annotated Bibliography

Introduction

Climate change can is the alterations in the overall distribution of the weather patterns over a given period in an area. Many scholars and researchers have examined and studied climate change to express their findings and views about the crucial matter. There are different research works done and written by various scientists who discuss the issue of climate change and how it is likely to affect the whole world. Since the articles cannot be considered and analyzed exhaustively, the paper written to present the finding of a study conducted on various books and articles aiming at studying different aspects of climate change. The research found out that climate change is one of the most discussed environmental issues in the world. There are very many books and articles written to shed light on the unending debates that have been witnessed across the globe concerning the ways of reducing the climate change. The research seeks to review different kinds of literature written about the climate change. Global climate change is the current most discussed and researched environmental threat; therefore there is a need for more effort to save the environment.

Faris, S. (2009). Forecast: the consequences of climate change, from the Amazon to the Arctic, from Darfur to Napa Valley. New York: Henry Holt.

Global warming will contribute to the occurrence of many new diseases. Plants will starts thriving in the regions that they have not been surviving and perform poorly in the areas where they have been planted for many years. Agricultural production will be affected severely in the future if nothing is done to change the trends.

This resource analyzes past and present events to predict the future. it emphasizes that climate change climate change will cause many diseases and change the traditions that people have been living with for so many years. It also provides vital and detailed information that can be used to analyze the climate of various regions and make predictions. The resource is one of the most relevant sources for students or any individuals with the desire to read about the effects of climate change. I found the book very consistent in my research on the consequences of climate change.

Füssel, H. M. (2007). Vulnerability: an applicable conceptual framework for climate change research. Global environmental change, 17(2), 155-167

The author gives an impression that it is essential for the world to have a pragmatic approach to the issue of climate change. Climate change is a global problem which must be tackled by every nation and researchers all over the world. Every part of the world is vulnerable to the consequences of the change.

The research article which was written to present research findings of a study that was conducted to find out different aspects of the global climate change. The author presented his ideas pragmatically in such a way that the concepts can be applied to individuals interested in creating awareness of the vulnerability and the adverse effects of the climate change. The article is relevant as it discusses the issues of climate change in details to help the readers understand everything in detail. Therefore, the research article can be recommended for the readers interested in studying the vulnerability of the climate change.

Hardy, J. T. (2003). Climate change: Causes, effects, and solutions. Chichester, West Sussex, Wiley.

The author argues that most of the activities that contribute to climate change can be avoided by humans through the formulation of different environmental policies to protect the environment. According to the book, climate change is one of the most significant problems affecting civilization. The author provides a detailed explanation of the causes of the climate change. Climate change leads to increased global temperatures. Another problem that is associated with the alterations in the climatic patterns and conditions is the rise of the sea levels. Furthermore, the climatic changes have also led to the melting of ice caps and the melting of the snow and frozen grounds.

The contents of this resource were beneficial in explaining the causes and the consequences of the changes in climatic conditions and patterns. I got the needed information about how the climatic patterns have changed in different geographical areas due to climate change.

Pasgaard, M., & Strange, N. (2013). A quantitative analysis of the causes of the global climate change research distribution. Global Environmental Change, 23(6), 1684-1693.

The article enshrines the causes of global climate change. It outlines the three major points which include the greenhouse effect, reflectivity of the earth’s surface and atmosphere, and changes in the sun’s energy reaching the surface. Human activities trigger all these variations. The analysis seeks to find out whether the information distributed about climate change is much enough to derive an understanding of global climate change among the society. The study is relevant to my research in that it provides insights into understanding the vastness and seriousness of the climate change. It calls for the growth of knowledge in solving environmental problems.

Yusuf, A. A., Francisco, H., & Economy, and Environment Program for Southeast Asia. (2010). Hotspots: Mapping climate change vulnerability in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia.

The author provides useful maps showing the distribution of climatic patterns in Southeast Asia. According to the mappings that are supplied by the book, the most vulnerable areas include Singapore, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines among others. Such regions with high levels of climate change are referred to as the Hotspots of vulnerability.

The book provides more details on various activities that have contributed to the environmental issues in the above regions. Other matters that are explained in the book include recommendations that are implemented by different governments to protect the environment and to control the climate change. I can recommend this source to any researcher or scholar who might be interested in studying how climate change has affected different countries in the world, particularly Southeast Asia. The book helped me a lot in finding out the maps showing the areas which are more vulnerable.

References

Faris, S. (2009). Forecast: The consequences of climate change, from the Amazon to the Arctic, from Darfur to Napa Valley. New York: Henry Holt.

Füssel, H. M. (2007). Vulnerability: an applicable conceptual framework for climate change research. Global environmental change, 17(2), 155-167

Hardy, J. T. (2003). Climate change: Causes, effects, and solutions. Chichester, West Sussex, Wiley.

Pasgaard, M., & Strange, N. (2013). A quantitative analysis of the causes of the global climate change research distribution. Global Environmental Change, 23(6), 1684-1693.

Yusuf, A. A., Francisco, H., & Economy, and Environment Program for Southeast Asia. (2010). Hotspots: Mapping climate change vulnerability in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia.